{"Phu Thok Fm":{"name":"Phu Thok Fm","endAge":"66.04","begAge":"97.20","province":"Indochina Block: Khorat Plateau, Indochina Block: Loei Fold Belt","geojson":{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[100.86,17.97],[100.84,17.82],[100.73,17.64],[100.5,17.26],[100.28,16.84],[100.18,16.41],[100.28,15.88],[100.48,15.55],[100.45,15.3],[100.53,14.96],[100.66,14.73],[100.91,14.5],[101.11,14.45],[101.51,14.44],[102.13,14.69],[102.42,14.84],[102.67,14.92],[102.84,14.96],[103.08,14.98],[103.24,15.04],[103.43,15.12],[103.51,15.18],[103.65,15.34],[103.72,15.57],[103.73,16.03],[103.66,16.46],[103.45,16.87],[103.16,17.27],[102.66,17.53],[102.29,17.74],[101.89,17.99],[101.7,17.96],[101.63,17.81],[101.48,17.81],[101.34,17.66],[101.16,17.49],[100.98,17.53],[100.93,17.66],[100.99,17.81],[101.1,17.99],[100.86,17.97]]]},"properties":{"NAME":"Phu Thok Fm","FROMAGE":"97.20","TOAGE":"66.04"}},"period":"Cretaceous","stage":"Cenomanian","lithology_pattern":"Sandstone","isSynonym":false,"age_interval":"late Cretaceous and maybe Lower Paleogene (13, 14, 15)","type_locality":"Phu Tok, Bung Kan district, Bung Kan province of The Khorat Plateau by Sattayarak (1985). Parent unit: Khorat Gr.Synonym: \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e20\u0e39\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e01; Phu Tok Formation (\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e20\u0e39\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e01)[Figure: NE and SE Thailand, showing distribution of Cretaceous outcrops. (Meesook, 2011. Page 170). At least some of the Pre-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks on the map may be Jurassic and the position of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary is discussed in Meesook (2011).]","lithology":"Sandstone, brick-red, fine- to medium-grained, thick-bedded to massive, very large-scale cross-bedding and small scale wavy bed. The formation can be divided into three informal members: (in ascending order) the Nawa, Kham Takla and Phuthok Noi members with a total thickness of 200\u2013350 m. The sequence coarsens upwards. The Nawa member comprises reddish-brown siltstone and claystone beds with disseminated gypsum at the base and calcite vugs in the upper part. The Kham Takla member is characterized by \ufb01ne-grained sandstone interbedded with siltstone and claystone; desiccation cracks are common. The Phuthok Noi member consists of brick-red \ufb01ne- to medium-grained thick-bedded sandstone with large-scale cross-bedding (Meesook, 2011).  Thickness: 100m by Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand (2013); 200\u2013350 m by Meesook (2011).[Figure: Sandstone of the Phuthok Noi member, Phu Thok Formation, Phu Thok Noi, Nong Khai Province (Meesook, 2011).]","lower_contact":"Maha Sarakham Fm (conformable)","upper_contact":"unnamed Quaternary (unconformable)","regional_extent":"The Khorat Plateau. The Phu Thok Formation is well exposed in the northern and central parts of the Khorat Plateau and in the low-lying areas of the central, southern and south-western Phu Phan Range.","fossils":"Due to the increase in aridity to the overlying Phu Thok Fm from the Maha Sarakham Fm, vertebrate faunas are very rare in this unit.","age":"Begins in mid-Cenomanian following Booth, J. & Sattayarak N., 2011, Chapter 9 Subsurface Carboniferous-Cretaceous geology of NE Thailand. Based on stratigraphic position, considered to be late Cretaceous, also possibly extends into Cenozoic (Meersook, 2011). Other interpretations have been Tertiary (?) (Sattayarak, 1985), Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary (Department of Mineral Resources, 2007)","depositional":"The depositional environment of this formation is interpreted as the lower part of a \ufb02uvial system, but aeolian processes are evident in the upper part with a semiarid to arid paleoclimate (Meesook, 2011).","additional_info":"This formation is also written as \u201cPhu Tok Formation\u201d (Department of Mineral Resources, 2007; Meesook, 2011)","compiler":"Wen Du - modified from- Meesook A., 2011. Chapter 8 Cretaceous in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London.Booth, J. & Sattayarak N., 2011, Chapter 9 Subsurface Carboniferous-Cretaceous geology of NE Thailand in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London; Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013.","age_span":"","beginning_stage":"Cenomanian","frac_upB":"0.5","beg_date":"97.20","end_stage":"Danian","frac_upE":"0","end_date":"66.04","depositional_pattern":""},"Phun Phin Fm":{"name":"Phun Phin Fm","endAge":"66.04","begAge":"100.50","province":"Sibumasu: Lower Peninsula","geojson":{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[99.37,9.2],[99.66,9.37],[99.89,9.32],[100.16,8.78],[100.39,7.93],[100.58,6.98],[100.57,6.39],[100.32,6.3],[99.81,6.7],[99.24,7.45],[98.82,8.18],[99.08,8.51],[99.37,9.2]]]]},"properties":{"NAME":"Phun Phin Fm","FROMAGE":"100.50","TOAGE":"66.04"}},"period":"Cretaceous","stage":"Cenomanian","lithology_pattern":"Sandstone","isSynonym":false,"age_interval":"Upper Cretaceous (3)","type_locality":"At Km 10 of road no 4038 from Lam Thap to Khlong Thom (Teerarungsigul and others, 1999). Parent unit: Thung Yai Gr (Trang Group).Synonym: \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e38\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19[Figure: Geological map of the Thung Yai Gr in Khlong Thom-Bang Khan area, Peninsular Thailand (Meesook, 2011)]","lithology":"Predominantly of red to reddish-brown, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone (up to 73 m thick at type section); overlain by conglomerate\/breccias with both clast-supported and matrix supported. Thickness: 102-770 m to over 1,000 m.[Figure: Generalized lithological column of the Thung Yai Gr in southern Peninsular Thailand (modi\ufb01ed after Teerarungsigul et al. 1999). The upper three formations are Cretaceous while the lowest, the Khlong Min Fm, is Jurassic. Arrows indicate current directions determined from cross-bedding. (Meesook, 2011)]","lower_contact":"Sam Chom Fm (conformable)","upper_contact":"Krabi Gr (unconformable)","regional_extent":"Lower Peninsula: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani, Krabi, and Trang provinces.","fossils":"","age":"Uncertain. If the Thung Yai Gr spans entire Cretaceous, then this formation is late Cretaceous.","depositional":"Debris flows and Fluviatile (braided)","additional_info":"","compiler":"Wen Du - modified from Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013; Assanee Meesook, 2011, Chapter 8 Cretaceous in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London.","age_span":"","beginning_stage":"Cenomanian","frac_upB":"0.0","beg_date":"100.50","end_stage":"Danian","frac_upE":"0.0","end_date":"66.04","depositional_pattern":""},"Thung Yai Gr":{"name":"Thung Yai Gr","endAge":"66.04","begAge":"168.28","province":"Sibumasu: Lower Peninsula","geojson":"null","period":"Jurassic, Cretaceous","stage":"Bathonian","lithology_pattern":"Sandy claystone","isSynonym":false,"age_interval":"Lower Middle Jurassic- Upper Cretaceous (3)","type_locality":"Laem Pleo, Khlong Thom district, Krabi province; Khao Sam Chom and Khao Nam Daeng east of Khlong Min; km 10 on the road no 4038 from Lam Thap to Khlong Thom. This group was originally named Trang Gr (Raksaskulwong, 1994; Teerarungsigul and others, 1999). Raksaskulwong (2002) introduced the Thung Yai Group to replace the Trang Group, as the \u201cTrang Fm\u201d has been used for Neogene sequences.Synonym: \u0e01\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e07\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d; , Trang Gr[Figure: Geological map of the Thung Yai Gr in Khlong Thom-Bang Khan area, Peninsular Thailand (Meesook, 2011)]","lithology":"Reddish brown shale and sandstone, conglomerate.Subdivisions: Raksaskulwong (1994) formerly subdivided Trang Group into 4 formations, upward: Chumphon red beds Fm, Khlong Min Fm, Sam Chom Fm, and Phun Phin Fm.  Teerarungsigul and others (1999) subdivided it into 4 formations, upward: Khlong Min Fm, Lam Thap Fm, Sam Chom Fm, and Phun Phin Fm. Total thickness: 760 m.[Figure: Generalized lithological column of the Thung Yai Gr in southern Peninsular Thailand (modi\ufb01ed after Teerarungsigul et al. 1999). The upper three formations are Cretaceous while the lowest, the Khlong Min Fm, is Jurassic. Arrows indicate current directions determined from cross-bedding. (Meesook, 2011)]","lower_contact":"Overlies the Sai Bon Fm (Triassic). Unconformably overlies marine Triassic rocks with a basal conglomerate in many localities around Thung Yai.","upper_contact":"Krabi Gr (unconformable)","regional_extent":"Lower Peninsula: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani, Krabi, and Trang provinces.","fossils":"","age":"","depositional":"Non-marine deposits - brackish-water to continental facies succession.","additional_info":"","compiler":"Wen Du - modified from Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013; Assanee Meesook, 2011, Chapter 8 Cretaceous in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London.","age_span":"","beginning_stage":"Bathonian","frac_upB":"0","beg_date":"168.28","end_stage":"Danian","frac_upE":"0","end_date":"66.04","depositional_pattern":""},"Khorat Gr":{"name":"Khorat Gr","endAge":"66.04","begAge":"209.56","province":"Indochina Block: Khorat Plateau, Indochina Block: Loei Fold Belt","geojson":"null","period":"Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous","stage":"Rhaetian","lithology_pattern":"Sandstone","isSynonym":false,"age_interval":"Upper Triassic to Late Cretaceous, possibly extending into the Cenozoic. (13, 14, 15)","type_locality":"Khorat Plateau (eastern Thailand). Subdivisions: Consists of: Lower Nam Phong Fm, Upper Nam Phong Fm, Phu Kradung Fm, Phra Wihan Fm, Sao Khua Fm, Phu Phan Fm, Khok Kruat Fm, Maha Sarakham Fm and Phu Thok Fm (DMR, 2007; Jin-Geng and Meesook, 2013). [The Nam Phong Fm is widely accepted as the basal unit.]Synonym: \u0e01\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a; Khorat Series[Figure: NE and SE Thailand, showing distribution of Cretaceous outcrops. (Meesook, 2011. Page 170). At least some of the Pre-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks on the map may be Jurassic and the position of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary is discussed in Meesook (2011).]","lithology":"Sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale and conglomerate. Red clastic sedimentary rocks, sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale and conglomerate.  Thickness: 5,000 m.[Figure: Composite stratigraphic column of the Mesozoic rocks of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand (Meesook, 2011).]","lower_contact":"conformably on Huai Hin Lat Fm (but some diagrams include Huai Hin Lat Fm in this group; therefore below (unconformable)is the Saraburi Gr (its Sap Bon Fm).","upper_contact":"in Loei-Phetchabun Range - Wichian Buri Gr (unconformable); in Khorat Plateau - Unnamed Quaternary (unconformable).  [GeoJSON omitted here to avoid duplication of individual formations.]","regional_extent":"The Khorat Plateau & Loei-Phetchabun Range of Indochina block.","fossils":"See details in each individual formation.","age":"Latest Triassic (the Nam Phong Fm) through Late Cretaceous (the Phu Thok Fm) in age although possibly extending into the Cenozoic. (Chapter 8: Cretaceous in Geology of Thailand, 2011, page 169-174)","depositional":"Continental deposits","additional_info":"Alternatively, it consists of 6 formations: Upper Nam Phong Fm, Phu Kradung Fm, Phra Wihan Fm, Sao Khua Fm, Phu Phan Fm, Khok Kruat Fm (Sattayarak and others, 1989; Booth and Sattayarak, 2011; Racey, 2011), based mainly on unconformities from seismic evidence.Remarks: This Group was formerly named as the Khorat series (Brown and others, 1951, 1953). Mouret (1994) raised the Khorat Group to Khorat supergroup, but this name is informal, according to the International Stratigraphic Guide.The International Stratigraphic Guide states that \u201clocal or minor hiatuses, disconformities or unconformities within a sequence of similar lithologic composition should not be considered reason for recognition of more than one lithostratigraphic unit\u201d (Murphy and Salvador, 1999).","compiler":"Wen Du - modified from- Booth, J. & Sattayarak N., 2011, Chapter 9 Subsurface Carboniferous-Cretaceous geology of NE Thailand in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London; Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013.Meesook A., 2011, Chapter 8 Subsurface Cretaceous in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London; Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013.","age_span":"","beginning_stage":"Rhaetian","frac_upB":"0.0","beg_date":"209.56","end_stage":"Danian","frac_upE":"0","end_date":"66.04","depositional_pattern":""}}